mastercard

MasterCard: Definition and Much More from Answers.com Results for MasterCard On this page: Select Article Hoover's Profile Stock Quote Stock Chart Company News Company History Banking Wikipedia Citations --------------- Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Hoover's Profile: MasterCard Incorporated (NYSE:MA) Company Financials Income Statement Balance Sheet Cash Flow Statement Contact Information MasterCard Incorporated 2000 Purchase St. Purchase, NY 10577 NY Tel. 914-249-2000 Fax 914-249-4206 Type: Public On the web: http://www.mastercard.com Employees: 4,600 Employee growth: 7.0% Surpassing Visa in market share -- now that would be priceless. Serving nearly 25,000 member financial institutions worldwide, MasterCard is the #2 payment system in the US. The company does not issue credit or its namesake cards; rather, it markets the MasterCard (credit and debit cards) and Maestro (debit cards) brands, provides the transaction authorization network, establishes guidelines for use, and collects fees from members. The company provides services in more than 210 countries and territories; its cards are accepted at more than 23 million locations around the globe. MasterCard also operates the Cirrus ATM network. Key numbers for fiscal year ending December, 2006: Sales: $3,326.1M One year growth: 13.2% Net income: $50.2M Income growth: (81.2%) Officers: Chairman: Richard Haythornthwaite President, CEO, and Director: Robert W. (Bob) Selander COO: Alan J. Heuer Competitors: American Express Discover Visa Inc #infocom{position:relative;cursor:pointer;width:300px;height:60px;background-image:url(http://site.answers.com/main25186/images/ads/infocomsearch300.gif);background-position:top left;background-repeat:no-repeat;} .infocominput{position:absolute;border:0px none; font-size:15px; width:141px; left:101px;top:21px;} .infocomsubmit{position:absolute; height:22px; width:39px;left:250px; top:19px;} ADVERTISEMENT #SearchBtn{margin-top:14px !important;} Library Arts Business Entertainment Food Government Health Legal Leisure Military People Reference Religion Science Shopping Sports Travel Words Zoology More... Stock Quote: MasterCard Stock Chart: MasterCard Company News: MasterCard You should enable JavaScript to see the news Company History: MasterCard International, Inc Incorporated: 1966SIC: 6153 Short-Term Business Credit MasterCard is one of the major credit cards used regularly by people in the United States, second only in name recognition and worldwide billings to Visa. By marketing itself to ordinary men and women, in contrast to Visa's efforts to capture an upper-income clientele, MasterCard is slowly chipping away at Visa's market share in both the United States and other areas around the globe.In 1951, the Franklin National Bank (presently European American Bank) issued the first modern credit card, which was accepted by local merchants. Within a short period of time over 100 additional banks started issuing cards. Cardholders paid their bills upon receipt, and no fee or interest was charged. Merchants were charged a fee by the issuing bank for any transaction made on the card. Because these cards could only be used within a limited geographical region, customer volume was low and the banks' profits minimal.The Bank of America, based in California, introduced BankAmericard (later Visa) in 1958, and soon developed an extensive network of licensee banks throughout the United States by licensing a single bank as its local affiliate in each major metropolitan area. Each of the licensee banks assumed the responsibility for enrolling cardmembers in their particular geographical area, as well as for reaching agreements with merchants to accept the card as payment for merchandise or services.At approximately the same time, a group of American bankers who were not part of the BankAmericard association decided to organize their own network and accept one another's credit cards. On August 16, 1966, these bankers formed the Interbank Card Association (ICA) to organize, manage and oversee the functions associated with credit card payments, including authorization, clearing and settlement. ICA was the umbrella organization for Master Charge, whose name was later changed to MasterCard. In order to identify both merchants and Interbank Card Association members, the symbol "i" was created and placed on cards and at purchasing locations.ICA was unlike BankAmericard in that the association was not dominated by one bank but rather governed by consensus among its member banks. Committees supported by an extensive staff were set up to operate and supervise the activities of the association. Besides establishing guidelines for card authorization, clearing and settlement, the Interbank Card Association assumed responsibility for marketing the card, in addition to providing security and legal representation to protect the association's trademark. ICA wasted no time in entering the international market by forming close ties to Banco Nacional de Mexico (Banamex) in Mexico in 1968, and with Eurocard International in continental Europe. During the same year, ICA added the first Japanese members to the association.In 1973, ICA developed INAS, a centralized computer network designed to electronically link the acquiring member or merchant to the issuing member or financial institution. This computer network provided the issuer and merchant with the ability to communicate quickly and directly, and replaced the time-consuming telephone exchanges once required for authorizations. In 1974, ICA made the magnetic strip an international standard on all its cards in order to hasten authorization and reduce fraud. In 1975, a system called INET was introduced to provide an electronic exchange of transactions among its members, thus reducing the necessity of actually mailing charge slips by automating the entire transaction process. In 1979, ICA changed both the name and trademark of Master Charge to MasterCard in order to reflect the broadening of the association's services beyond the charge card itself. During the mid and late 1970s, Access Ltd. from the United Kingdom, Standard Chartered Bank of South Africa, and the first Australian member became part of the association.All this apparent success notwithstanding, MasterCard's billings and number of cardholders began to decline with respect to another charge card system, Visa. The board of directors at ICA, dissatisfied with MasterCard's performance, pressured the president, John J. Reynolds, to implement some changes they believed were long overdue. But Reynolds response was viewed by many board members as less than satisfactory, and he was asked to resign his position.In February of 1980 the ICA board of directors appointed Russell E. Hogg, a former executive at Macmillan Inc. with extensive experience at American Express Company's Card Division, as the new president. Taking his cue from the board of directors, Hogg immediately instituted sweeping changes within Interbank: he redrew the company's organization chart and created horizontal reporting lines, thereby encouraging communication among employees and eliminating the longstanding classic hierarchical structure to which Reynolds had adhered; he relocated several of the company's support divisions to St. Louis and placed them under new supervision; he completely eliminated all jobs dealing with increasing U.S. members since Hogg believed that the domestic credit card market was saturated; and he summarily fired eight of the highest level officers in the company.Even with these changes, Hogg faced an uphill climb in his efforts to turn MasterCard into a frontrunner ready to compete with Visa. Despite the fact that a large majority of U.S. banks who issued credit cards already issued both Visa and MasterCard, Visa clearly had created an international identity for itself. Before changing its name to Visa in 1977, BankAmericard had been issued under approximately 20 names around the world. Yet by 1980, it had consolidated its image and identity under the Visa trademark. MasterCard, on the other hand, not only had difficulty convincing its U.S. members that the name change from Master Charge was beneficial, but also suffered from an identity which was fragmented by affiliates and a myriad number of joint ventures in both Europe and Asia.Hogg's strategy was to concentrate on developing and expanding MasterCard's line of products and services. In 1981, the company introduced MasterCard Travelers Cheques and during the same year brought out the Gold MasterCard card, which was the first attempt by the company at market segmentation. In 1983, MasterCard started its Emergency Card Replacement program and also included a laser hologram on all its cards in order to combat user fraud. Keeping pace with Visa, especially its vast, state-of-the-art, highly sophisticated electronic communications network, was also not an easy task. In 1984, Hogg supervised the launching of Banknet, MasterCard's global packet-switching network that enables its international card acceptance locations to authorize transactions. At the same time, Hogg decided to incorporate INET into Banknet and adapt INAS on the system to more efficiently transmit authorizations from member to member. Like Visa, MasterCard also implemented an automated point-of-sale program to improve its authorization system worldwide.Since affinity cards had been such a huge success in Japan, in 1985 the Card Program Development Group was formed and immediately introduced the MasterCard BusinessCard for the international market. There were now over 120 million MasterCard cardholders throughout the world. In 1986, a MasterCard office was opened in Hong Kong, the first in the Pacific Rim region, and one year later MasterCard arranged to become the first credit card issued in the People's Republic of China. During this time, the company opened a regional office for Latin America in Miami, and both cardholders and members were offered the full range of Banknet services at locations around the world.In 1988, Hogg purchased Cirrus, the largest automated teller machine (ATM) network in the world, for $34 million. MasterCard also acquired a 15 percent interest in Eurocard International. Yet just at the time when the 20th million MasterCard card was issued in the Pacific Rim area, and the first MasterCard card was issued in the Soviet Union, the board of directors at Interbank began to show their displeasure with Hogg's aggressive management style. Representing over 28,000 member banks, the ICA board of 25 directors criticized Hogg for spending too much money on unsuccessful projects such as travel vouchers and "smart cards," and accused his management team of providing unreliable data on MasterCard's market share of charge-card billings. Disagreement and competing interests within the board of directors itself prompted Hogg suddenly to resign in July of 1988.The board of directors decided to appoint Alex W. Hart as the new chief executive officer and president. A longtime executive vice president at First Interstate Bancorp., with extensive experience in credit card management, Hart began a program to solve some of MasterCard's management problems by establishing regional boards of directors in Europe, Asia, and South America. In 1989, Hart supervised the launching of the MasterCard ATM Network. MasterCard also handled a local settlement in Venezuela, the first time the company processed this function outside the United States mainland. At approximately the same time, the company offered the MasterCard Card Processing Service, which helped members outside the United States begin to issue cards and acquire programs quickly and inexpensively through the use of a microcomputer.In 1990, the MasterCard ATM Network was combined with CIRRUS to create the MasterCard/CIRRUS ATM Network. This network provided cash access for cardholders of MasterCard at over 50,000 locations worldwide. In addition, Hart negotiated with organizers of the 1990 World Soccer Cup to become the official card for that event; his effort was well repaid since MasterCard was enormously successful in heightening brand recognition by capitalizing on the sporting event with the largest worldwide audience in 1990. At the same time MasterCom, developed two years earlier to send images of sales slips from one bank to another electronically, was implemented as a global service. Also during the same year, Banknet started to process currency transactions in India.In 1991 MasterCard introduced Maestro, a worldwide debit system for cardholders of participating institutions including Eurocard International, Eurocheque International, and other ATM networks in the United States. Created in order to compete with Visa's Interlink system, both systems are highly sophisticated on-line, point-of-sale debit systems which process authorization, data accumulation, and debiting on an individual's bank account. Both Visa's and MasterCard's debit programs make use of a bank's proprietary debit card. Carrying either one or the other association's mark, the card can be used instead of cash and checks at locations where their mark is displayed. Ordinary retail transactions, such as day-to-day purchases at supermarkets, gas stations, and convenience stores, are the primary market for use of a debit transaction.MasterCard processed its first Maestro debit transaction in August 1992. Interlink, on the other hand, surpassed 120 million transactions for holders of its debit card by the same time. By the beginning of 1993, Visa's Interlink debit program was far ahead of MasterCard's program: Interlink counted more than 16 million debit cardholders while MasterCard reported only 800,000. Both Visa and MasterCard recognize that banks will only need one debit brand and will not agree to using both, so competition is growing more and more intense between the two companies.With its aggressive advertising campaign starting in 1991, MasterCard is determined to create a higher profile for itself and, in turn, a larger share of credit card billings around the world. Sponsorship of the World Cup in 1994 includes sponsoring 269 matches between 1991 and 1994, and this will certainly contribute to an increased recognition of MasterCard's name and services. Its foray into the credit card market for taxi cab fares is also helping it to become more competitive with Visa and American Express. Indeed, MasterCard is slowly but surely taking over some of Visa's market share.Chief executive officer and president Alex Hart has revamped ICA's management structure and improved MasterCard's marketing strategy, advertising, program development, and electronic communications network in order for it to more readily compete with the other major credit cards such as Visa, American Express, Discover, Diners Club, and Carte Blanche. Yet the credit card market is saturated in the United States, and new cardholders will be more and more difficult to sign. Even though MasterCard has prepared well for the future, it will have to work diligently to overcome Visa's lead in credit card billings.Further Reading"How a New Chief Is Turning Interbank Inside Out," Business Week, July 14, 1980, pp. 109-111.Miller, Frederic A., "Is MasterCard Mastering the Possibilities?," Business Week, October 10, 1988, p. 123. — Thomas Derdak Banking Dictionary: Mastercard International Member-owned nonprofit corporation that licenses financial institutions to issue MasterCard bank cards and market related products and services. Its principal assets are the MasterCard trademarks; a global communications network, BankNet, for authorization and settlement of bank card transactions for member banks; and a nationwide Automated Teller Machine network, Cirrus System Inc. Member banks issue MasterCard credit cards and MasterMoney debit cards. Wikipedia: MasterCard MasterCard Inc. Type Public (NYSE: MA) Founded 1966 Headquarters Purchase, New York, United States Key people Robert W. Selander, President & CEO Industry Financial Services Products Payment systems Net income US$300.2 million ( US$44M FY 2005) Employees 4,300 Website www.mastercard.com MasterCard Worldwide (NYSE: MA) is a mutinational corporation based in Purchase, NY in the United States. Throughout the world, its principal business is to process payments between the banks of merchants and the banks of purchasers that use its "Mastercard" branded debit- and credit cards to make purchases. Mastercard Worldwide has been a publicly traded company since 2006. Prior to its initial public offering, Mastercard Worldwide was a membership organization owned by the 25,000+ financial institutions that issue its card. It was originally created by United California Bank (later First Interstate Bank, subsequently merged into Wells Fargo Bank), Wells Fargo, Crocker National Bank (also subsequently merged into Wells Fargo), and the Bank of California (subsequently merged into the Union Bank of California) as a competitor to the BankAmericard issued by Bank of America. BankAmericard is now the VISA credit card, issued by Visa International. History 1970s-era MasterCharge card Credit Card The name Master Charge was licensed by the above mentioned California banks from the First National Bank of Louisville, Kentucky in 1967. With the help of New York's Marine Midland Bank, now HSBC Bank USA, these banks joined with the Interbank Card Association (ICA) to create "Master Charge: The Interbank Card". In 1979, "Master Charge: The Interbank Card" was renamed simply "MasterCard". In the early 1990s MasterCard bought the British Access card and the Access name was dropped. In 2002, MasterCard International absorbed Europay International SA, another large credit-card issuer association, which for many years issued cards under the name Eurocard. In 2006, MasterCard International underwent another name change to MasterCard Worldwide. This was done in order to suggest a more global scale of operations. In addition, the company introduced a new corporate logo adding a third circle to the two that had been used in the past (the familiar card logo, resembling a Venn diagram, remains unchanged). A new corporate tagline was introduced at the same time: "The Heart of Commerce".[1] Features Most versions of the card include various features such as extended warranties on items bought with the card, Damage waiver on cars rented with the card, and accident insurance during travel bought with the card. Shareholders Based on an SEC filing in early 2005, MasterCard's largest current shareholders are:[citation needed] 11.8% - JPMorgan Chase 6.2% - Citigroup 6.0% - Bank of America 5.2% - Euro Kartensysteme 5.0% - Europay France IPO The company, which had been organized as a cooperative of banks, had an initial public offering on May 25, 2006 at $39.00 USD. The stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol MA. Litigation Both MasterCard and Visa have paid approximately $3 billion in damages resulting from a class-action lawsuit filed by Hagens Berman in January 1996.[2] The litigation cites several retail giants as plaintiffs, including Wal-Mart, Sears Roebuck & Company, and Safeway.[3] Advertising The MasterCard logo represents the card and the company's consumer operations MasterCard's current advertising campaign is "There are some things money can't buy. For everything else, there's MasterCard." The first of these Priceless ads was run during the World Series in 1997 and there are numerous different TV, radio and print ads.[4] It was created by McCann-Erickson. MasterCard actually registered Priceless as a trademark.[5] Actor Billy Crudup has been the voice of the ads in the USA since 1997. In other countries the voiceover artist changes to suit the local market; in the UK, for instance, actor Jack Davenport is the voice. This campaign attempts to position MasterCard as the friendly credit card company with a sense of humor. They are designed to respond to the public's worry that everything is being commodified, and that people are becoming too materialistic.[6] Many parodies have been made using this same pattern, especially on Comedy Central, though MasterCard has threatened legal action,[7] contending that MasterCard views such parodies as a violation of its rights under the federal and state trademark and unfair competition laws, under the federal and state anti-dilution laws, and under the Copyright Act. Despite these claims, however, noted US consumer advocate and presidential candidate Ralph Nader emerged victorious (after a four-year battle) in the suit MasterCard brought against him after he produced his own "Priceless" political commercials.[8] During Super Bowl XXXIX on February 6, 2005, a MasterCard commercial was introduced featuring 10 legendary advertising characters from various foods and household products. The characters included Chef Boyardee, Charlie the Tuna, the Pillsbury Doughboy, Count Chocula, the Vlasic pickle stork, the Morton Salt girl, the Jolly Green Giant, Mr. Peanut from Planters, the Gorton's fisherman, and Mr. Clean. Sports sponsorship MasterCard currently sponsors the New Zealand All Blacks, the country's world famous rugby union team.[9] MasterCard also sponsors the UEFA Champions League. For many years, it also sponsored FIFA World Cup but withdrew its contract after a court settlement and its rival Visa took up the contract in 2007.[10] It is currently the sponsor of the Memorial Cup Tournament of the Canadian Hockey League. MasterCard has just announced new sponsorship deal with Australian Cricket team. In 1997, MasterCard was the main sponsor of the aborted MasterCard Lola Formula One team. On October 12, 2007 MasterCard offered $160,000 to the municipal government of Toronto, ON for keeping its ice rinks open, as city is facing a budget shortfall.[11] Management and Board of Directors Key executives include:[12] Robert Selander: President and Chief Executive Officer W. Roy Dunbar: President - Global Technology & Operations Lawrence Flanagan: Chief Marketing Officer - Global Marketing Gary Flood: Executive Vice President - Global Account Management Noah Hanft: General Counsel and Corporate Secretary Alan Heuer: Chief Operating Officer Chris McWilton: Chief Financial Officer Walt Macnee: President - The Americas Michael Michl: Executive Vice President - Central Resources Wendy Murdock: Chief Product Officer - Global Product Group Javier Perez: President - Europe AndrГ© Sekulic: President - Asia/Pacific, Middle East & Africa Keith Stock: President - MasterCard Advisors Christopher Thom: Chief Risk Officer - Risk Management As of December 2004, the following banks are represented on MasterCard's board of directors: Europay EspaГ±a, S.A. HSBC Clarima Banca Capital One Banamex (Citigroup's Mexican division) Citigroup Royal Bank of Scotland MBNA America (now Bank of America) Westpac Banking Corporation Southern Bank Berhad Bank of Montreal Banque FГ©dГ©rative du CrГ©dit Mutuel Deutscher Sparkassen-und Giroverband Orient Corporation Bank AL Habib Banco Mercantil Banesco In January 2005, Washington Mutual Bank, the third largest issuer of debit cards in the United States, announced that it was changing its debit-card branding from VISA to MasterCard. The change will make Washington Mutual MasterCard's largest bank customer. MasterMoney MasterMoney is the branding of a MasterCard debit card distributed in North America. Like many debit cards, the brand has capabilities of being used as an ATM card as well as a credit card, providing sufficient funds are in one's bank account (usually a checking account) in order to complete a transaction. PayPass MasterCard PayPass is a new "contactless" payment feature based on the ISO 14443 standard that provides cardholders with a simpler way to pay by tapping a payment card or other payment device, such as a phone or key fob, on a point-of-sale terminal reader rather than swiping or inserting a card. In 2003, MasterCard concluded a nine-month PayPass market trial in Orlando, Florida, with JPMorgan Chase, Citibank, and MBNA. More than 16,000 cardholders and more than 60 retailer locations participated in the market trial. In addition, MasterCard worked with Nokia, AT&T Wireless, and JPMorgan Chase to incorporate MasterCard PayPass into mobile phones using Near Field Communication technology, in Dallas, Texas. In 2005, MasterCard began to roll out PayPass in certain markets. As of July 2007, the following financial institutions have issued the MasterCard PayPass: Bank of America JPMorgan Chase (available through its "blink" contactless feature) Citibank (both MasterCard credit and debit cards) HSBC Bank USA (debit card only) Key Bank (debit card only) Citizens Bank and Charter One Bank (both MasterCard credit and debit cards) Commonwealth Bank (Australia) Garanti Bank (Turkey, available through its Bonus Trink Card) Banco de Oro Universal Bank (Philippines, available through its BDO International ATM Card) Bank of Montreal (Canada, available only if requested by consumer by phone) President's Choice Financial (Canada) Washington Mutual (available only in New York City and Seattle branches) MYplash A MYplash card featuring the band Simple Plan MYplash is a reloadable gift card, acceptable wherever MasterCard Debit is accepted.[13] Many of the MYplashes were music themed, other participants including Good Charlotte, Avril Lavigne, and Breaking Benjamin.[14] The idea behind the MYplashes was that parents would like it because it would provide their teens with financial experience with no risk of overspending, as it was not an actual credit card, but rather a reloadable gift card.[15] Teens would like the band theme and that they were trusted with money that they could spend freely.[16] The cards did not prove popular,[citation needed] likely owing to high charges attached to it, including overdraft fees and a 3% to 10% recharge fee, the lowest fee, 3%, only available when loading the card with more than $200.00.[17] Banknet MasterCard operates Banknet, a global telecommunications network linking all MasterCard card issuers, acquirers and data processing centers into a single financial network. The operations hub is located in St. Louis, Missouri. MasterCard's network is significantly different from Visa's. Visa's is a star based system where all endpoints terminate at one of several main data centers, where all transactions are processed centrally. MasterCard's network is an edge based, peer-to-peer network where transactions travel a meshed network directly to other endpoints, without the need to travel to a single point. This allows MasterCard's network to be much more resilient, in that a single failure cannot isolate a large number of endpoints. EPSnet MasterCard Europe operates a Network known as EPSnet - this interfaces BankNet but is up for replacement in 2009. EPSnet is used to link Issuers and Acquirers for Online POS/ATM Transaction Processing. See also Credit Card Visa American Express Diners Club Discover Maestro Octopus card China UnionPay JCB Cirrus Interchange fee Damage waiver References ^ MasterCard changing name, Jay Loomis, The Journal News, June 28, 2006 ^ Visa/MasterCard Litigation, January 1st 1996 ^ VISA CHECK/MASTERMONEY ANTITRUST LITIGATION WEBSITE ^ Priceless Film Festival ^ Priceless, Trademark Electronic Search System, Retreieved July 5th 2006 ^ Priceless, Jim Farrell, New American Dream, Retreieved July 5th 2006 ^ Threats of legal action: MasterCard International (April 9, 2001). Re: MasterCard/Infringement by NETFUNNY.COM web site. Retrieved on July 30, 2006. ^ George B. Daniels, District Judge (March 9, 2004). Decision of the US District Court in the case of MasterCard International Incorporated v. Ralph Nader (PDF). US District Court, Southern District of New York. Retrieved on July 30, 2006. ^ http://www.mastercard.com/nz/promotions/allblacks2006/ ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6247928.stm ^ http://www.mastercard.com/ca/company/en/press/2007/10_12_toronto_skating.html ^ MasterCard Investor Relations, accessed 04 November 2006 ^ MYplash в„ў The MasterCard В® Card for Fans. Retrieved on 2007-08-10. ^ get the card. Retrieved on 2007-08-10. ^ parents. Retrieved on 2007-08-10. ^ fans. Retrieved on 2007-08-10. ^ Prepaid Debit Cardholder Agreement. Retrieved on 2007-08-10. Under "Appendix 1: Schedule of Fees" in the "Amount Fee/Fee" table, you can calculate: $6.75/$200.01~3% and $1.00/$10.00=10% External links Official website Corporate website Merchant website Business website How MasterCard Works (interactive site) This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer) Donate to Wikimedia Join the WikiAnswers Q&A community. Post a question or answer questions about "MasterCard" at WikiAnswers. Copyrights: Hoover's Profile. ©2008 Hoover's, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more Stock Quote. ©2008 MarketWatch, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more Company History. International Directory of Company Histories. Copyright © 2006 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more Banking Dictionary. Dictionary of Banking Terms. Copyright © 2006 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "MasterCard". 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